How much do you know about the top ten commonly used electronic components?

With the rapid development of electronic technology and its application fields, the types of components used are increasing day by day. Learning and mastering the performance, purpose and quality discrimination methods of common components will play an important role in improving the assembly quality and reliability of electrical equipment. Resistance, capacitance, inductance, diode, triode, etc. are all commonly used devices in electronic circuits. Here are ten commonly used electronic components in the electronic industry, as well as related basic concepts and knowledge. I will review them with you.1： As a worker in the electronic industry, resistance is unknown to everyone. Its importance is beyond doubt. People say that "resistance is the most used component in all electronic circuits." Resistance, because of the blocking effect of substances on current, it is called the resistive substance under this action. The resistance will lead to the change of electronic flux. The smaller the resistance is, the greater the electronic flux is, and vice versa. Substances with no or very small resistance are called electrical conductors, or conductors for short. Materials that cannot form current transmission are called electrical insulators, or insulators for short. In physics, resistance is used to express the resistance of conductors to current. The greater the resistance of the conductor, the greater the resistance of the conductor to the current. The resistance of different conductors is generally different. Resistance is a characteristic of the conductor itself. The resistance element is a kind of energy dissipation element that hinders the current.2： Capacitance (or capacitance) refers to the charge storage under a given potential difference; It is recorded as C, and the international unit is farad (f). Generally speaking, the charge will move under force in the electric field. When there is a medium between the conductors, it will hinder the charge movement and make the charge accumulate on the conductor; The most common example of cumulative storage of charges is two parallel metal plates. It is also the common name of capacitor.3： Crystal diodes crystal diodes are devices at both ends of semiconductors in solid-state electronic devices. The main characteristic of these devices is that they have nonlinear current voltage characteristics. Since then, with the development of semiconductor materials and technology, a variety of crystal diodes with various structures and functions have been developed by using different semiconductor materials, doping distribution and geometric structures. The manufacturing materials include germanium, silicon and compound semiconductors. Crystal diodes can be used to generate, control, receive, transform, amplify signals and convert energy.4： Zener diode zener diode (also known as zener diode), this diode is a semiconductor device with high resistance until the critical reverse breakdown voltage.5： Inductance of an ideal inductor is an attribute of a closed loop and a physical quantity. When the coil passes through the current, a magnetic field induction is formed in the coil, and the induced magnetic field will generate induced current to resist the current passing through the coil. This interaction between current and coil is called electrical reactance, that is, inductance. The unit is "Henry (H)", named after American scientist Joseph Henry.

6： Varactor diodes are also called "variable reactance diodes" It is a diode made by using the dependence and principle of PN junction capacitance (barrier capacitance) and its reverse bias voltage VR,

7： Crystal triode crystal triode is one of the basic components of semiconductors. It has the function of current amplification and is the core component of electronic circuits. Triode is to make two closely spaced PN junctions on a semiconductor substrate. The two PN junctions divide the positive semiconductor into three parts. The middle part is the base area, and the two sides are the emission area and the collector area. The arrangement mode includes PNP and NPN.8： Field effect transistor (FET) is abbreviated as field effect transistor. Most carriers participate in conduction, also known as unipolar transistors. It belongs to a voltage controlled semiconductor device. With the advantages of high input resistance (108~109 Ω), low noise, low power consumption, large dynamic range, easy integration, no secondary breakdown phenomenon, wide safe working area and so on, it has become a strong competitor of bipolar transistors and power transistors.

9： The national sensor standard gb7665-87 defines the sensor as "a device or device that can sense the specified measured part and convert it into usable signals according to a certain law (mathematical function law), which is usually composed of sensitive elements and conversion elements"

10： Transformer is a device that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to change the AC voltage. The main components are primary coil, secondary coil and iron core (magnetic core). In electrical equipment and wireless circuits, it is often used for voltage rise and fall, impedance matching, safety isolation, etc. In the generator, no matter whether the coil moves through the magnetic field or the magnetic field moves through the fixed coil, the electromotive force can be induced in the coil. In both cases, the value of the magnetic flux remains unchanged, but the number of magnetic flux in the chain intersecting the coil changes, which is the principle of mutual inductance. Transformer is a device that uses electromagnetic mutual inductance to transform voltage, current and impedance. The main functions of the transformer are: voltage transformation; Current transformation, impedance transformation; Isolation; Voltage stabilization (magnetic saturation transformer), etc.